Исследователи Института проблем нефти и газа Российской академии наук совместно с коллегами из Центра добычи углеводородов Сколтеха обследовали новейший кратер газового выброса глубиной более 30 метров на полуострове Ямал, который образовался в начале лета 2020 года. Статья с результатами этого исследования была опубликована в журнале Geosciences.
Гигантские кратеры в Российской Арктике, которые считаются результатами мощных газовых выбросов из мерзлоты, впервые привлекли внимание мировой общественности в 2014 году, когда кратер с диаметром жерла около 20 метров (а по внутреннему краю бруствера – насыпи из выброшенной породы – до 40 метров) был обнаружен на Ямале недалеко от Бованенковского газового месторождения. Считается, что образованию кратеров предшествует локальное накопление газа в полостях в верхних горизонтах мерзлоты, а увеличение газового давления в конечном итоге приводит к его взрывному выбросу. Эти кратеры недолговечны, они достаточно быстро (в течение нескольких лет) заполняются водой и в итоге превращаются в небольшие озера. На сегодняшний день известно и в разной степени изучено около 20 кратеров.
В 2020 году ученые нашли и обследовали кратер с индексом C17, имеющий диаметр около 25 метров. Его обнаружил директор «Российского центра освоения Арктики» Андрей Умников во время полета вертолета в 16 июля 2020 года в центральной части полуострова Ямал, недалеко от ранее образовавшихся трех других кратеров, включая известный Ямальский кратер. Экспедиция под руководством заместителя директора ИПНГ РАН Василия Богоявленского состоялась в конце августа 2020 года благодаря большой организационной поддержке правительства Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа и Некоммерческого партнерства «Российский центр освоения Арктики». Из Сколтеха в исследованиях участвовали научные сотрудники Центра добычи углеводородов Евгений Чувилин и Борис Буханов.
Подробности – в научной статье New Catastrophic Gas Blowout and Giant Crater on the Yamal Peninsula in 2020: Results of the Expedition and Data Processing в журнале Geosciences (https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/2/71)
По материалам пресс-службы Сколтеха (https://www.skoltech.ru/2021/02/3d-model-pokazala-vnutrennosti-gigantskogo-kratera-v-vechnoj-merzlote/)
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