Morphological diagnostics of soil-forming processes in the young soils of technogenic landscapes are considered. Comprehensive multilevel studies of soils developed on the tailings of coal mines of different age in a wide range of climatic conditions in Siberia are performed. The processes of the mineral substrate transformation predominate at the initial stages of soil formation. Then, with the development of the soil profiles, the processes of the organic matter transformation begin to play the major role, and the organoprofiles of the soils specific to the particular climatic zone are formed. Micro- and submicroscopic studies allow us to judge the character of major soil processes and to identify the features attesting to the activity of some associated processes.