One of the important points in performing research is that even for marine data acquired with ideal surface conditions, there are variations in the form of the initial seismic wavelet. Various kinds of corrections to seismic data can be made using factor models. Such models, used for the correction of residual statics, surface-consistent amplitudes, and seismic waveforms, lead to solutions of several problems. In particular, it is possible to understand the problem of long-period statics and its relationship with features of the structure of observation systems in seismic investigations, as well as with the algorithms that are used in the data processing. At the same time, the problem can be correctly solved by using a priori information. The latter is especially relevant for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of signals. In the study of the corresponding linear systems, two approaches are realized: (i) an iterative process of sequential refinement for computing factors, and (ii) the introduction of heuristic conditions that guarantee uniqueness and stability in the solutions.
