Выпуск: 2 , Том: 3 , Год издания: 2005

To analyze deformation of geomaterials with space and time, two modeling methods are described: a dynamic method where fracture is taken into account explicitly with special emphasis on crack system formation, their coalescence, etc.; a quasistatic method where specific consideration is given to the influence of temperature at quasi-static loading. The constitutive equations used take into account the dilatancy effects, damage accumulation, and degradation of mechanical properties. Consideration is given to calculation examples of deformation and damage localization observed at various scales, namely from small laboratory samples lip to huge crustal elements. In the framework of the dynamic approach, the formations of bands of localized deformation in the vicinity of a failed inclusion and within a medium layer in shear are obtained. Features of strain localization for several geological models of the lithosphere are presented. In the framework of the quasi-static approach, the formation of ring-like structures tinder cooling of a heterogeneous media is discussed. These problems are considered as the problems of mesoscale since essential mesoconstituents are taken into account.