Выпуск: 4 , Год издания: 2015

Finding new low cost catalysts, especially ones that can be used in cracking, is a problem of great interest in the refining of heavy oils. The activity of redox catalysts based on coal fly ash ferrospheres is examined for the cracking of two types of heavy oils (paraffin and asphaltenic), and for paraffin oil residue under autoclave conditions. It is established that at 450 °C and with 10 wt % of ferrospheres, the selectivity of the formation of liquid products can be as high as 95-96% for paraffin oil and 72% for asphaltenic oil. The content of light products and the gasoline fraction increases in liquid products in comparison to thermal cracking. The effect of ferrospheres is most pronounced in the cracking of paraffin oil: the light fraction in the oil cracking products grows by approximately 20% relative to those obtained after thermal cracking, reaching almost 67%; the gasoline fraction in the light products of oil residue cracking grow by 14 times. The phase composition and structural characteristics of ferrospheres change during cracking, carbon compounds with different combustion reactivity are deposited on their surfaces, and concentrated sulfur compounds from heavy oils are observed.